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Sinergias educativas
October - December Vol. 8 - 4- 2023
http://sinergiaseducativas.mx/index.php/revista/
eISSN: 2661-6661
revistasinergias@soyuo.mx
Page 32-43
Received: July 11 , 2022
Approved: January 12 , 2023
English language teaching in general
basic education for young learners and
adults
Enseñanza del ingles en la educación general básica
para estudiantes jóvenes y adultos
Patricia Elizabeth Cepeda Navarrete
*
katiuska Cecilia Cepeda Navarrete*
María Belén Riasco Cepeda*
Abstract
Nowadays, the English language is universal and is the official
language of the world, developing in the need to facilitate a
globalized commercial environment, generating an efficient world
exchange of values. The objective of this research is to improve the
level of knowledge of English teachers in order to provide quality
education to students in the eighth, ninth and tenth years of
elementary school. A sample of 243 students was taken, with a
* Magíster en Innovación en Educación Adscripción:
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Correo
Electrónico: patricia.eliza2019@gmail.com. Orcid:
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7005-858X.
* Magíster en Docencia y Desarrollo del Currículo.
Adscripción: Universidad Técnica Luis Vargas Torres
de Esmeraldas. Correo Electrónico:
katiuska.cepeda@gmail.com. Orcid:
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3520-9022
* Estudiante en Pedagogía de los Idiomas Nacionales y
Extranjeros Adscripción: Universidad de las Fuerzas
Armadas "ESPE" Correo Electrónico:
belenmaria.rc@gmail.com. Orcid:
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4581-7612.
Article
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mixed approach, and a descriptive, explanatory and exploratory
study, The techniques used were the interview, survey and seminar,
the instruments were the questionnaire and the inventory. It was
concluded that the teachers need preparation, the students are not
aware of the importance of the language, there is a lack of didactic
material and laboratories, and the parents have a low level of
knowledge of the English language.
Keywords: Teaching, English language, youth, education, basic,
education
Resumen
En la actualidad el idioma inglés es universal y se constituye el
idioma oficial del mundo, desarrollándose en la necesidad de
facilitar un medio comercial globalizado, generando un intercambio
de valores mundial eficiente. El objetivo de esta investigación es
mejorar el nivel de conocimiento de los docentes del área de inglés
para impartir una Educación de calidad en los estudiantes de Octavo,
Noveno y Décimo año de Educación Básica, se tomó una muestra de
243 estudiantes, con un enfoque mixto, y un estudio descriptivo,
explicativo y exploratorio, las técnicas utilizadas son la entrevista,
encuesta y seminario, los instrumentos el cuestionario y el
inventario, se pudo concluir que los docentes necesitan preparación,
los estudiantes no están conscientes de la importancia del idioma,
existe falta de material didáctico y laboratorios, y los padres de
familia tienen un bajo nivel de conocimiento en el idioma inglés.
Palabras clave: Enseñanza, idioma inglés, jóvenes, educación,
básica
Introduction
In Latin America the knowledge of the English language is necessary
for everyone, it is one of the priority needs and to which governments
should pay much attention, especially because it is a fundamental
method of communication for the good inclusion of people in this
globalized world, it has become one of the most important
characteristics of modern education, in addition to contributing to
the development of students' skills to live together in different
communities around the world. It can be said that knowledge of the
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English language is recognized as the universal language par
excellence, and is indispensable.
In Ecuador, education is imported and responds to the demands of
global development, according to the economic, social and cultural
reality of the country; the English language is a fundamental means
of universal communication for the development of science and
technology, it is a very important contribution to international trade
and integral development. The learning of the English language is an
essential base for the development of Ecuador in the XXI Century.
It was demonstrated in the time of pandemic by covid 19 that
technology along with this language contributed enormously so that
there is no shortage of resources in the different countries of the
world, the Ministry of Education and Culture has established as state
policy to encourage the learning of it, placing it with special
hierarchy in the new curriculum of Basic Education, high school and
specialization.
The global context considers it important to develop skills to express
oneself in one's own language, but also challenges students to
communicate in a foreign language. Networks transmit information
of an ephemeral nature, and the speed of interpretation requires
consultation in the original languages; job opportunities in the
service of multinational companies, and understanding and tolerance
towards diverse cultures in order to build a common space of
collaboration and prosperity that is inclusive, are unavoidable
challenges.
In Ecuador, the English program for the eighth, ninth and tenth years
of Basic Education and the three years of high school have a
functional communicative approach, through which the student is
expected to develop the receptive linguistic competencies of
listening and reading and the productive competencies of speaking
and writing. The program focuses on teaching students to receive
and share information through these competencies as a primary
focus and in close relation to aspects of socialization, development
of values and development of skills that are very useful in the study
process and in future professional practice.
The National School "Metropolitan District" was born as a need to
have an educational institution that provides attention to large
sectors especially of scarce economic resources that are located near
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the Ciudad Nueva Cooperative. However, the level of knowledge of
the English language in the students of the eighth, ninth and tenth
year of Basic Education has been declining over time, at present the
performance of students is low so it is located at alarming levels. For
this reason, I am interested in making a diagnosis of the level of
knowledge of the English language in order to provide a quality
education.
If the low level of knowledge of the English language continues in
the students of Eighth, Ninth and Tenth years of Basic Education of
the National School "Metropolitan District" and if the authorities,
teachers and parents do not manage to overcome the learning
problems in the subject of English detected in the present
investigation, then the effort made by the Ministry of Education with
the implementation of the English Curricular Reform and the
allocation of five periods per week of class hours will be considered
a failure, then the effort made by the Ministry of Education with the
implementation of the English Curricular Reform and the allocation
of five weekly periods of class hours will be considered a failure,
and the objective of improving the quality of teaching and learning
of the English language will not be achieved.
The students of the National School "Metropolitan District" will not
have the recognition of the community and therefore the institution
will lose credibility when their students enter the university
classrooms and face complicated situations where the low level of
knowledge of the English language will be a disadvantage in their
professional preparation, since English today is an indispensable tool
to compete in the globalized world in which we live, formulating the
following problem.
How does the low level of knowledge of English teachers affect the
quality education of students in the eighth, ninth and tenth years of
elementary school at the National School "Distrito Metropolitano"
of Bombolí Parish, Santo Domingo Canton, Santo Domingo de Los
Tsáchilas Province, School Year 2011-2012?
This leads to the general objective of improving the level of
knowledge of teachers of English to provide quality education to
students in the eighth, ninth and tenth years of elementary education
at the National School "Metropolitan District, Bombolí Parish,
Canton Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province,
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School Year 2011-2012, and specific objectives, To diagnose the
current situation of the level of knowledge of the teachers of English
in the eighth, ninth and tenth years of elementary school, to analyze
the level of knowledge of the students to suggest proposals for
change to improve the quality of English language education, to
propose training seminars-workshops for English teachers to learn
how to apply methodological strategies to provide quality education.
By virtue of the fact that Education, Science and Technology are of
vital importance in the current times of globalization; and one of the
tools or strategies for that importance is the learning of the English
language, much more so now that it is applied to students from the
beginning of their student life.
Thus, the cultivation of interest in learning a foreign language must
be multilateral and harmonious for a complete education, and to
achieve this, interlearning must be applied. For this reason this
project is justified by the need to implement actions to raise the level
of knowledge of the English language in students of eighth, ninth
and tenth year of Basic Education of the National School
Metropolitan District, of the Parish Bombolí Canton Santo
Domingo, Province Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, School Period
2011-2012.
Raúl Rojas Soriano (1985:23) explains that "knowledge is a mental
reproduction of objective reality, and since this is not static, since it
is in continuous movement, knowledge about it must necessarily be
adjusted, enriched or eliminated to make way for another that does
not encompass and explain objective reality".
Along the same lines, Lizardo Carvajal (1990:26) defines knowledge
as "a process by which man reflects in his brain the characteristic
conditions of the surrounding world". These definitions allow us to
affirm that human knowledge, in general terms, is nothing more than
the relationship established between the cognizing subject and the
object of knowledge, that is, the possibility that man has of mentally
apprehending the reality that surrounds him, of acquiring internal
representations of an object.
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Materials and methods
The present investigation was located in the critical-propositive
paradigm because it questioned traditional schemes, based only on
instrumental and statistical data of the problem that was investigated,
giving an explanation of the influence of the factors that affect the
low level of knowledge that affects the learning of the subject of
English of the students of eighth, ninth and tenth year of basic
education of the National School "Metropolitan District" of the city
of Santo Domingo. This research will not remain in the
contemplation of the results or diagnosis, but will go further by
proposing strategies to solve the problems encountered.
The research is field research since it was carried out in the National
School "Metropolitan District" of the city of Santo Domingo, where
the events under study took place, where direct contact was made
with those involved in the study, collecting necessary information
which was analyzed and general guidelines were deduced. It is also
bibliographic-documentary because it was based on documentary
and bibliographic data, which allowed a broad view of the problem.
This study is explanatory because it determined the causes or
determining factors of the problem under study. It is descriptive
because it interpreted the facts as they were presented in the reality
studied in a determined time and space. It described the problem and
the causes that affect the low level of knowledge and how this affects
the learning of the subject of English of the students of the eighth,
ninth and tenth years of basic education of the National School
"Metropolitan District", interpreting each one of the factors that
affect the low knowledge of the English language and how the
teachers affect it.
It is exploratory because it ventured into some fields in order to
obtain the necessary information for the development of the
theoretical framework and the collection of information from the
participants in the research process. A population of 5 teachers of the
foreign language area (English) and 614 students legally enrolled in
the eighth, ninth and tenth years of Basic Education, 612 parents and
the authorities of the National School "Metropolitan District" were
used.
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Table 1. Information development
Basic Year
Parallels
Teachers
Parents.
EIGHTH
A-B-C-D-
D-E
110
97
2
205
NINTH
A-B-C-D-
D-E
89
107
2
196
TENTH
A-B-C-C-
D-E-F
90
121
1
211
TOTAL
16
289
325
5
612
From the population of the 5 teachers, the entire group is taken
because it is considered a small sample size. From the population of
the 3 authorities, the entire group is taken as it is considered a small
sample size.
The theoretical method was used, which allowed the conceptual
interpretation of the empirical data found and the construction and
development of theories, within a framework of scientificity and
objectivity, raising the theoretical level from the phenomenological
and superficial, to the explanation of the facts and the essential
relationships of the processes. The empirical method, which made it
possible to diagnose the current state of the object of research and its
field of study and to confirm the hypotheses, but remains
phenomenological, does not reach the essence of the research
phenomena, which the theoretical methods do. The mathematical-
statistical methods allowed the transformation of qualitative
information into quantitative information collected and its
subsequent processing and analysis, among the main ones are:
sampling, organization and analysis of data, hypothesis testing and
determination of probabilities.
Results
The results of the survey show that all five teachers have a Bachelor's
degree in English, which guarantees student learning and therefore
the acceptance of the institution in the community.
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The results of the research indicate that 60% of the teachers have not
received refresher courses in the subject of English and
methodological management in the last two years, and 40% have
taken them, which is an advantage for interlearning.
100% of the teachers surveyed research new strategies when the case
warrants it and thus carry out the teaching-learning process in their
students, always bearing in mind that continuous research is essential
to provide our students with updated knowledge.
Forty percent of the teachers surveyed stated that the training they
have received in the use of the texts used in the institution for
teaching English does not allow them to perform efficiently in the
classroom, so they must seek other sources of support. Another 40%
said that the training they have received has not helped them much
in the classroom and 20% agreed that it has not helped them at all.
60% of the teachers always ask for help from their colleagues in the
area for some difficulty in a class topic; they consider it a strength to
share their knowledge with each other and thus teach students in a
sequential manner. Forty percent of the teachers surveyed rarely ask
for help from their colleagues in the area, so they prefer to research
from other sources.
100% of the teachers stated that they never use audio-visual material
in their class periods because the institution does not have this
didactic resource that is so indispensable for learning a foreign
language.
90% of the teachers indicated that they rarely use games or
motivational dynamics in the development of their class time, and
10% never do so, due to the fact that there are numerous parallel
classes and there is not enough space to carry out some type of
dynamic.
90% of the teachers indicated that they rarely elaborate creatively
their own didactic material for each class hour, so they already sell
materials elaborated by other people that can be used precisely in the
class hour. 10% indicated that they always do.
65% of the students surveyed indicated that they have always liked
the way their teachers teach them English, 26% stated that they
rarely like the way their teachers teach them English because most
of the time they only speak English and 9% have never liked the way
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their teachers teach them English because they do not teach it
dynamically.
The results obtained in the survey show that 83% of the teachers do
motivate students to learn English. Rarely, 1% and 16% of the
respondents said that their teachers never motivate them to learn
English, they only give them the content and do not care about
motivation, which is very important in the teaching-learning process.
94% of the students surveyed are aware that learning English will be
useful in their life's journey because in this globalization everything
revolves around learning English. Four percent felt that learning
English would rarely be useful, and 2% said it would never be useful.
In this question, 51% of the respondents said that they would like to
have more hours of English classes, they are very interested in
learning this language, while 49% said that they would not like to
have more hours of English classes, as they find it tedious to learn
this language.
The results of the survey show that 83% of students do not practice
English in their free time, preferring to do other activities and only
limit themselves to the hours of classes they receive during the week.
Seventeen percent practice it rarely.
Of the total number of students surveyed, 46% stated that their
teachers do translate into Spanish what they speak to them in
English, 42% stated that their teachers rarely translate and 12%
stated that their teachers only speak in English and that they never
translate into Spanish what they speak to them and this somehow
does not allow the student to be interested in learning this language.
The results obtained indicate that 57% of the students surveyed
participate actively and spontaneously in the practice of the different
English language skills, they show a great interest in learning a
second language; 37% rarely and 14% never participate in classes
because they state that they do not understand when the teacher is
expressing himself/herself.
50 Students surveyed equivalent to 21% stated that their parents
always help them with English homework; 120 respondents
equivalent to 49% rarely receive help from their parents when doing
English homework at home, because their parents do not have the
necessary knowledge for the help they provide to be very
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41
satisfactory, and 73 students surveyed corresponding to 30% never
receive help from their parents to do English homework at home.
Of the total number of parents surveyed, 11% stated that they have
only elementary school education; 59% have high school education;
and 30% of the parents surveyed have higher education. For this
reason, the help that parents can provide to students is not
satisfactory because their knowledge of the English language is
limited or nonexistent.
82% of the parents surveyed have little knowledge of English; 7%
have a lot of knowledge of the English language and 11% have no
knowledge of this foreign language, which is why they cannot help
much in their children's learning.
98% of parents surveyed agreed that it is important to learn English
today and that their children need to learn English to be able to
function in daily life, where knowledge of the English language is
their doorway to a prosperous future. Two percent thought the
opposite.
100% of the parents surveyed agree that their children should learn
English, they are sure that learning this language will be very useful
in their professional life.
The results of the survey indicate that 59% of the parents do motivate
their children to learn English; 35% rarely motivate their children to
learn English and 6% do not motivate them. As a result of these
results, the students' lack of interest in learning English is often
reflected.
According to the results of the survey, 65% of the parents surveyed
said that if their children receive the correct teaching of English, this
is reflected in the academic performance of their children, which in
some way or another is ensuring their future with the learning of the
English language; but 35% said the opposite.
Seventy-six percent of the parents surveyed do attend the English
teacher's call, demonstrating their interest in having their children
learn this language that will allow them to benefit in their daily lives;
while 24% rarely attend.
100% of the parents surveyed agree with receiving talks to help them
help their child with homework at home and in some way contribute
in a satisfactory way in learning English.
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Discussion
According to the results obtained in the research, these reveal that
teachers need preparation and training to teach the subject correctly,
since the English teachers of the eighth, ninth and tenth years of
Basic Education of the National School "Metropolitan District" do
not apply the appropriate methodological strategies to better carry
out the teaching-learning process of the English language.
Students are not aware of the importance of learning another
language, especially English, which today is an effective tool for the
future professional in any work environment.
The lack of didactic material and of a laboratory equipped with the
technological resources that modern pedagogy demands for the
teaching-learning of English does not allow the teachers to carry out
a more efficient work in the teaching of this subject. Within the
group of parents surveyed, there is a low level of knowledge of the
English language; therefore, they can contribute very little to their
children's learning.
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